Organisational Design & analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hierarchical Design and investigation - Case Study Example Associations accordingly will in general endeavor at creating more prominent interests just as an incentive to the clients with the end goal of adequately controlling the interior business exercises and acquire serious advantages recognized in the outside business condition. In addition, it very well may be seen that the advertisers likewise center after assessing diverse strong instruments and systems so as to upgrade the degree of acquiring better control of the hierarchical strategies alongside achieving a serious situation in the wildly developing business condition (Stahl and Voigt, 2006). Stressing the current marvel of intensity alongside changing patterns in the worldwide business condition, the essential target of this report is to show and examine significant issues looked by Google Inc. (Google) identifying with its hierarchical culture alongside its plan. The conversation of this report will likewise concentrate on recognizing the significant issues of Google that the org anization looked from the given contextual investigation and dissecting them through defending distinctive hypothetical points of view successfully. Brief Description of Google Inc. is generally known for its quick change in the worldwide web based promoting based industry. The organization is notable as one the main and commanding organizations spend significant time in overall web based items or administrations. The organization is essentially prestigious for web based publicizing alongside ‘search’ promoting innovation which empowered it to accomplish predominant situation in the separate business. Google was built up by the couple named Sergey Brin and Larry Page in 1996 and was joined in 1998 (Google, 2013). Since its rise in the worldwide web based registering business condition, it has been evidently seen that the organization has increased a transformational development through fusing a more extensive scope of spearheading items or administrations. According to the current day setting, Google will in general offer arrangement of items and administrations including on the web efficiency programming, for example, email, office suites alongside other more extensive person to person communication administrations. In addition, the association renders web perusing applications connected with photograph altering apparatuses and texting administrations that empower the organization to accomplish a prevalent serious position. Likewise, as per the current situation, Google additionally offers compelling telecom gadgets and online video sharing internet based life applications, for example, YouTube to its worldwide clients (Google, 2012). Comparable to the hierarchical culture, it has been seen that Google will in general join remarkable authoritative culture which makes the organization more serious than its opponents in the separate business. The association consolidates an uncommon hierarchical culture which altogether mirrors a satisfactory stage that empowers the representatives to pick up their absurd information through improving, testing alongside hazard taking activities. It has been obviously seen from the hierarchical procedure or configuration winning in Google that it will in general advance the intrinsic intensity of the laborers and wants to fabricate a profitable workplace. Additionally, the slip-ups of the workers having a place with Google are utilized as the essential component encouraging the organization to pick up its possibilities as far as

Plato And Forms Essays - Platonism, Form Of The Good,

Plato And Forms Platos Forms The impact that Plato, the Greek scholar conceived in 427 BC in Athens, has had since the commencement of theory has been grand. In addition to other things, Plato is known for his investigation of the crucial issues of regular science, political hypothesis, mysticism, religious philosophy and hypothesis of information; a significant number of his thoughts turning out to be changeless components in Western idea. The premise of Platos reasoning is his hypothesis of Ideas, or convention of Forms. While the idea of Forms is basic to Platos theory, over long periods of philosophical examination, it has been hard to comprehend what these Forms should be, and the reason for their reality. While looking at Platos frames and assessing the hypothesis, a few ends have end up being hazy and unanswered. Notwithstanding, the convention of Forms is fundamental to Platos reasoning. Plato went to his perspective on the Forms dependent on two premises: first, that information can't get through the fa culties; and second, we do by and by figure out how to know things in arithmetic, for example. Plato had confidence in two universes; the experimental domain of solid, recognizable items known through tangible experience, and the reasonable domain of great and everlasting Forms. As per Plato, the experimental domain isn't genuine, as tangible articles are not totally genuine. Convictions got as a matter of fact of such articles are consequently ambiguous and inconsistent, though standards of arithmetic and reasoning, found by inward, rationalistic contemplation on the Forms, comprise the main genuine information. Such natural, solid things as trees, human bodies and creatures, which can be known through the faculties, are only shadowy, flawed duplicates of their Forms. For each sense object in the exact world, there is a relating flawless Form. These Forms are nonphysical, perpetual, everlasting, and imperceptible. How at that point, you may solicit, can one ever know about the Form s on the off chance that they can't be known by sense discernment? Plato responds to this inquiry by expressing that the Forms are known in thought. They are the objects of thought, consequently, at whatever point you are thinking, you are considering Forms. A significant point to note about the Forms is the possibility of perpetual quality. The Forms are everlastingly perpetual. A significant standard of Platos hypothesis of information was that every single certifiable object of information be portrayed without logical inconsistency. Hence, in light of the fact that all items saw by sense experience change, a statement can be made that such articles one after another won't be valid sometime in the not too distant future. Since what is completely genuine must, for Plato, be fixed, perpetual, and constant, he recognized the genuine with the perfect domain of being instead of the observational universe of turning out to be. This all prompts Platos inescapable dismissal of observation . The genuine meaning of observation is, the view that holds sense recognition to be the sole wellspring of human information (Jones, 369). Clearly this view is profoundly contradictive with Platos hypothesis of Forms. He felt that recommendations got from tactile experience have, probably, a level of likelihood; they are not sure. Unadulterated information may just be gotten from certain, changeless realities. The contention is actually that not exclusively do the things we see change, yet so do the conditions where we see them. Take this model, for example. If I somehow happened to hold some hot espresso in my left hand and a cool lager in my right, and afterward place two hands into a tub of tepid water, that equivalent tub of water would feel cold to one side hand, and warm to the correct hand. In addition, things should frequently appear to be changed to me than they do to any other person, for the conditions of others are once in a while equivalent to mine. We are likewise at risk to encounter deceptions, conditions of dreaming and mind flight, and our underlying decisions are additionally frequently impacted by our desires and inclinations. Because of these conditions, Plato guesses that we can never pick up information through our faculties. Experimentation is dismissed in Platos reasoning, repudiating with his hypothesis of Forms to an enormous degree. Plato imagined the Forms as orchestrated progressively. A separating line parts the reasonable domain into C and D. The division of C speaks to the lower Forms, and D speaks to the higher Forms,

Cogentin (Benztropine) Uses for Bipolar Disorder

Cogentin (Benztropine) Uses for Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Cogentin (Benztropine) Uses for Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 03, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 20, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights HeroImages/Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Is Cogentin? Contraindications Common Side Effects   Less Common Side Effects   When to Contact Your Doctor Overdose Effects View All Medications often used to treat bipolar disorder, such as  typical  and  atypical  antipsychotic drugs, may cause drug-induced parkinsonism, the medical term for symptoms that mimic  Parkinsons disease.  ?? Drug-induced parkinsonism may cause:   A decrease in facial expressionsDifficulty starting and controlling movementSlowed movementSoft voiceStiffness of the trunk, arms, or legsTremor What Is Cogentin? Cogentin (benztropine) is used for treatment of Parkinsons disease and is in a class of drugs called anticholinergics. These drugs help rebalance irregular activity of acetylcholine neurotransmitters, which are crucial to brain and muscle function.?? Cogentin improves muscle control and has been shown to decrease rigidity and tremors associated with Parkinsons disease. Cogentin is also sometimes used to treat people with  bipolar disorder who have developed parkinsonism. ?? Cogentin comes in 0.5, 1, and 2 mg tablets to  be taken orally, usually at bedtime, and in some cases, an injection is provided. One dose per day will typically suffice to treat symptoms of parkinsonism.?? Your doctor may start you on a small dose to see how you respond.   Contraindications Cogentin may interact with certain drugs, including antidepressants, sleeping pills, painkillers, antihistamines,  anti-diarrheal medications, some antacids, and other medications.?? Its important that you speak with your doctor about any potential interactions.   Common Side Effects   The following are common side effects of ?Cogentin.?? You should check with your doctor if they dont go away or worsen: Blurred vision  Constipation  Decreased sweatingDifficult or painful urination (especially in older men)DrowsinessDryness of mouth, nose, or throat Less Common Side Effects   The following are less common side effects of Cogentin.  ?? Dizziness or lightheadedness when getting up from a lying down or sitting positionEuphoriaHeadacheMemory impairments (especially in the elderly)NervousnessStomach upset or painUnusual excitement When to Contact Your Doctor Notify your doctor immediately if you experience any of the above  rare side effects of Cogentin, as well as these below:?? ConfusionEye painSkin rashRapid heart rateHallucinations Overdose Effects If you or a loved one have potentially overdosed on Cogentin, call your local poison control center and/or 911 immediately. Symptoms of overdose include:?? Clumsiness or unsteadinessSevere drowsiness  Severe dryness of mouth, nose, or throatFast heartbeatHallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there)Mood or mental changesSeizuresShortness of breath or troubled breathingTrouble sleepingWarmth, dryness, and flushing of the skin Other Cogentin side effects not listed above may also occur in some patients.?? If you notice any other side effects, be sure to check with your doctor.

What Does The Strength Perspective Can Be Beneficial...

adolescents relate to the clinician that is working with them. This could be because strengths based is a positive perspective that is meant to encourage and teach the teens how to cope. Strengths based perspective is also known to help open up adolescent’s ability to talk with their parents and can also decrease negative behaviors. After the five week treatment was complete the adolescent where asked to talk about their experience and what they liked most about the strengths based perspective and the program. Many of the teens liked how they learned to identify and use their strengths. They likes learning how to focus on their strengths instead of focusing on their problems. This could help the adolescents from turning to drug use because thinking and determining their strengths can be a deterrent. Social workers need to know how the strength perspective can be beneficial to adolescents. Strengths based perspective can be short term or long term, depending on what is most ben eficial to the client. It is a positive perspective that can lead to open conversation especially with adolescents that are sensitive and may not want to receive treatment. 1) Kingston, S., Raghavan, C. (2009). The relationship of sexual abuse, early initiation of substance use, and adolescent trauma to PTSD. Journal Of Traumatic Stress, 22(1), 65-68. doi:10.1002/jts.20381 Substance abuse in adolescents and trauma have a very strong connection. Usually when an adolescence starts using illegalShow MoreRelatedA Theoretical Perspective Attachment Based Family Therapy1710 Words   |  7 PagesConceptualization The family’s main problems can be understood from the theoretical perspective Attachment Based Family Therapy (ABFT). The client that was referred is Mia. She is a 17 year old second generation Chinese-American girl. She is currently a junior in high school and is preparing to take the SAT’s next year. Mia’s teacher referred her due to mild symptoms of depression. This perspective is important because a child depends on his/her parents being available and protective which causesRead MoreAlcoholism : A Serious Issue1311 Words   |  6 Pagesdrownings (Underage Drinking, n.d.). This research is important because if science can find a way to help these adolescents stay sober for an extended period of time, it will save a lot of lives, a lot of heartache, and a lot of money and resources from the government. There are many different treatment approaches for alcoholism, and what seems to work the best is Alcoholics Anonymous. The problem with adolescents that attend AA is that they are not staying sober for long. Alcoholics Anonymous usesRead MoreRisky Behavior : Risky Behaviors1639 Words   |  7 Pageslives. This means, we talk over big decisions ahead of them (or behind them) and define how one choice leads to a specific benefit, but another choice leads to a negative consequence. Then, we must make sure we don’t remove those consequences. This does not mean we throw them to the â€Å"wolves† without any support. It simply means we talk through outcomes, then let life demonstrate it is full of equations. We must follow through and discuss both the perks and price of our choices. It’s hard to be flexibleRead MoreTheories And Theories Of Learning1616 Words   |  7 Pagesperson can be taught. I also believe that there are various theories to learning. To elucidate, all around the world various tutors may use different methods to teach young students. There are two methods which I will be describing in detail, Kolbâ€℠¢s theory from 1984 and Honey and Mumford’s theory from 1982. An image portraying various learning theories. 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It is common for one to go into denial after a traumatic situation to make them feel as if the situation did not happen. When one is in shock from grief and does not know how to handle it, many individuals choose to deny the trauma repeatedly so that they do not have to face it, which usually lasts for about a day. According to Margaret Baier, Assistant Professor of Family and Consumer Sciences at Baylor andRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Work Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesThis section of the paper will discuss the definition of social work, values associated with social work and arguments for and against the use of systems theory in social work practice. Social work can be described as a field of study that encompasses individuals and their environment. Social work can be defined as work trained professionals do to elevate stressors of individuals so they may become more self-sufficient and empowered to live to their fullest potential. According to the National AssociationRead MoreThe Process Of Patient Assessment1258 Words   |  6 Pages2011). Single and multidisciplinary tools exist to facilitate the process of effective patient assessment. Examples of these will be explored to identify strengths and opportunities for improvement. In an ideal setting DSME is provided by a multidisciplinary team, which allows the patient the benefits of an array of expertise and perspective (AADE, 2011). While most patients benefit from this approach, some may be averse to working with multiple team members and a single person on the team mayRead MorePediatric Obesity : A Major Problem Around The World Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesincluding organized physical activity, education classes, and strength and conditioning classes. Out of all of these grades, the average percent of obesity in each grade that participated was around twenty percent. At the end of the investigated research, the results showed that students who participated in activity and watched less than two hours of television per day were less likely to be obese, as concluded by Perez et al. (2011). So does this show a positive, negative, or neutral correlation betweenRead MoreMake-Believe Play And Social-Emotional Development1133 Words   |  5 PagesHow does Make-Believe Play influence social-Emotional Development? Make-Believe Play is also known as pretend play. It is a loosely structured form of play that usually includes role-play, object substitution and rhetorical behavior. Social-Emotional Development is a child’s experience, expression, and management of emotions. It also is the ability to establish positive and rewarding relationships with others. Make-Believe Play is extremely important component in a child’s life. When a child participates

JOINT EFFECTS OF COMPLIANCE AND EFFICACY OF SOLAR...

JOINT EFFECTS OF COMPLIANCE AND EFFICACY OF SOLAR DISINFECTION OF DRINKING WATER ON CHILDHOOD DIARRHOEA: (A case study of Manyatta and Nyalenda peri urban areas of Kisumu East.) CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Zepha (2008), states that, â€Å"Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS) is a simple, cheap and environmentally friendly method for treating microbiologically contaminated drinking water at household level.†(as cited in Moses ,Zephaniah Jacques,2008, p.3). According to EAWAG (2008), SODIS utilizes solar radiation to inactivate pathogenic microbes majorly known to cause water borne diseases and thereby improving water quality. The pathogens are vulnerable to a synergistic effect of UV-A light (wavelength 320-400nm) and increased water temperature†¦show more content†¦SODIS is one of the methods recommended and indeed has an attributable fraction of 16% to diarrhoea and adjusted odds ratio of 0.65 at 95% C.I thus a protective factor (Conroy, et al., 1999). The PETS used are transformed into photoproducts by sunlight. However, laboratory tests have proven that these photoproducts are generated at the outer surface of the bottles and No indication for migration of possible phot oproducts or additives from PET bottles into water was observed with the applied analytical methods (Suter et al.2001). Kohler et al. (2008) confirms that the use of PETS and SODIS procedure is safe as far as human exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is concerned. A study conducted in Bolivia by Moser H and Mosler HJ (2008) indicated that the adoption of SODIS was dependent on increased participation of opinion leaders and community on drinking water themes. Further, a study by Landolt et al. (2009) showed that the acceptance and sustained use of SODIS was greatly determined by the availability of PET bottles locally, repeated training and promotion programmes, user educational level, motivation and commitment of promoters, social pressure, and institutional aspects. Tamas et al. (2011) indicated that decrease in health promotion consequently made users to terminate

Laboratory Report on the Effect of Acid Rain Free Essays

1. Problem According to an article, Acid Rain, by Novi Meadows Elementary, acid rain occurs in many parts of the world, no matter the climate difference. It is harmful not only to non-living things but especially to living things. We will write a custom essay sample on Laboratory Report on the Effect of Acid Rain or any similar topic only for you Order Now It can affect humans, sea life and forests. This is because when the surroundings become too acidic, some living things die, like fish. Acid rain is formed when the pH, which is the measurement of acidity and basicity, of water is lower than 5.6. In relation with this, the group would like to investigate the effect of acidity on different seed crops by varying the pH level of its surroundings. 2. Hypothesis The amount of seed germination will decrease as the surrounding of the seeds gets lower pH level, or becomes more acidic. 3. Procedure The effect of varying pH levels on the germination of three different seed crops, Triticum aestivum (Wheat), Phaseolus sp. (Mung Bean) and Zea mays (corn) were investigated. Each group counted 25 seeds and placed them in petri dishes. Next, 20ml of solution of desired pH level (1, 3, 5 and 7) were poured into the petri dishes containing the seeds. The seeds were then observed for seven days wherein morphological changes in the seeds were noted. At the end of seven days, the number of seeds germinated in the petri dish was counted and the percentage of seed germination was calculated. The data was then compared with the other groups. 4. Results Table 1 below shows the data gathered from the experiment. From the table, it can Table 1. Percentage of seed germination of Triticum aestivum (Wheat), Phaseolus sp. (Mung Bean) and Zea mays (corn) in pH levels 1, 3, 5 and 7. pH level Percentage of seed germination Triticum aestivum (Wheat) Phaseolus sp. (Mung Bean) Zea mays be seen that there was 0% seed germination for Triticum aestivum in pH levels 1, 3 and 5. This is because in highly acidic environments, the cells in the seed are unable to absorb the nutrients it needs to grow. In accordance with that, there was also 0% seed germination at pH level 1 for both Phaseolus sp. and Zea mays. At pH level 3, there was 12% seed germination for Phaseolus sp. and 4% for Zea mays. This means that the seeds of these plants can grow in semi-acidic environments. However, it can also be noted that at a less acidic environment, pH level 5, the percentage of germination for Phaseolus sp. and Zea mays increased to 60% and 12%, respectively. This probably means that the cells of the seeds of the two plants are able to absorb more nutrients in less acidic conditions. On the other hand, at pH 7, the seed germination of Phaseolus sp. and Zea mays decreased to 28% and 0%, respectively. Probably these two plants cannot properly absorb the nutrients needed in a neutral condition. Interestingly, though, it is only at this pH level that Triticum aestivum begins to germinate. This means that it is only at this point that the conditions for seed germination are favorable for the seed. According to the article, Soil Facts – It’s What We Don’t See That Counts, by FrostProof.com, different plants require different pH levels to properly absorb the water and nutrients it needs. This is probably the reason why the maximum percentage of seed germination for each plant was in varying pH levels: 16% at pH 7 for Triticum aestivum, 60% and 12% at pH 5 for Phaseolus sp. and Zea mays, respectively. 5. Conclusion From the results of the experiment and as stated in the hypothesis, it was concluded that the amount of seed germination will decrease as the acidity of the surrounding increases. In relation to this, acid rain could inhibit the growth of plants especially if its acidity is too high. Works Cited FrostProof.com. â€Å"Soil Facts – It’s What We Don’t See That Counts.† FrostProof.com. 6 November 2007 http://www.frostproof.com/soilph.html Novi Meadows Elementary. â€Å"Acid Rain.† 2002. Oracle Education Foundation: ThinkQuest Library. 6 November 2007 http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/acid_rain.htm How to cite Laboratory Report on the Effect of Acid Rain, Essay examples

Disintegration of Dick Diver in Fitzgeralds Tende Essay Example For Students

Disintegration of Dick Diver in Fitzgeralds Tende Essay r is the Night Essays Tender is the Night EssaysThe Disintegration of Dick Diver in Tender is the Night The exact nature of Dick Diver?s descent throughout the course of Tender is the Night is difficult to discern. It is clear enough that his disintegration is occasioned by Nicole?s burgeoning independence, but why or how her transformation affects him this way is less than obvious. Moreover, it is not at all apparent what is at stake, more abstractly, in this reciprocal exchange of fates. In this paper, I will propose a reading of this change that relates Nicole?s strength to her naturalness, her identification with instinct and natural impulse, and Dick?s strength to his civilization, his identification with the curtailment of natural impulse through psychiatry and prewar American civilization. The relationship between Nicole and Dick is such that what happens to the one must happen to the other. Both Nicole and Dick turn by the novel?s end to impulse and instinct, but while Nicol e does this by gaining an independent self-consciousness, Dick achieves this only through drinking. Throughout the novel Nicole is identified with the childish and animalistic wildness of instinct. This is most obvious in the uninhibited expression of emotion which characterizes her episodes of madness. We see, for instance, her frenzied laughter as she rides the Ferris wheel and causes her car to crash. As the car finally comes to a halt, she, Nicole, was laughing hilariously, unashamed, unafraid, unconcernedS.She laughed as after some mild escape of childhood (192). And as a patient at the clinic, after having her affection for Dick rebuffed, we are told, Nicole?s world had fallen to pieces, but it was only a flimsy and scarcely created world; beneath it her emotions and instincts fought on (143). As the story progresses, though, the expression of these impulses become less openly dangerous and abnormal and more linked to her growing sense of self. One more restrained way in which Nicole is identified with impulse is her use of money. Money in the story is a sort of materialized passion, the tangible expression of an appetite to possess and control. Money becomes more and more plentiful as the story moves on, such that by the beginning of book three, after Dick gives up his stake in the clinic, the mere spending of it, money, the care of goods, was an absorption in itself. The style in which they traveled was fabulous (257). Nicole?s relation to impulse is also demonstrated by her attractions to others, culminating, of course, in her relationship with Tommy Barban. Fitzgerald tells us, for instance, that the people she liked, rebels mostly, disturbed her and were bad for hershe sought in them the vitality that had made them independent or creative or rugged, sought in vainfor their secrets were buried deep in childhood struggles they had forgotten (180). It was this raw vitality which Dick increasingly lackedhe was far from rugged and becomes less and less c reative through the course of the noveland that she saw in herself that became the focus of her external interest. Her search for this energy in others was an expression of her own growing awareness of this energy within herself. I think it is noteworthy, as well, that Fitzgerald links this energy to childhood struggles. If the source of such interior strength is the experience of childhood, then perhaps Nicole?s difficulty in finding this in herself can be explained by the fact that she has not left childhood. For much of the novel, she is still Dick?s surrogate daughter and has yet to extricate herself from that role. One might also use this fact to explain her poor relation with her own children who seem, on the whole, more mature than she. How could she be a mother to children when she is a child herself? Near the end of the novel, this identification of Nicole with instinct becomes more explicit. On page 280, for example, we are told that Nicole had been designed for change, fo r flight, with money as fins and wings (280). Freedom is her nature, but it is a freedom likened to that of animals. There is a wildness inherent in her, a unconstrained passion for movement. Fitzgerald continues in the next line, the new state of things would be no more than if a racing chassis, concealed for years under the body of a family limousine, should be stripped to its original self (280). Again, Nicole is represented by a unruly, passionate, and impulsive object. (I might also note the subversive power of the image in its denial of Nicole?s familial role). The culmination of Nicole?s growing awareness of the wildness of her nature is her relationship with Tommy Barban. The exchange between her and Tommy in their impulsively procured hotel room is very illuminating in this regard. Tommy asks her pointedly, Why didn?t they leave you in a natural state?, following up with, You are the most dramatic person I have ever metSAll this taming of women! (293). Nicole stays silent t hrough most of this, feeling Dick?s ghost prompting at her elbow, but refusing to pay it heed, listens instead to Tommy?s exposition of her nature. In the end she accepts his understanding of her as her own, endorsing his impulsive naturalness with her own and welcoming the anarchy of her lover (298). Dick?s path is decidedly different. Throughout the first half of the book, Dick is presented in a very positive light. He is handsome and charismatic, the center of his social world. We are told that save among a few of the tough-minded and perennially suspicious, he had the power of arousing a fascinating and uncritical love (27). Due to people?s affection for him, he becomes the head of his social group. He is shown very much in control of his environment. We learn later that Dick is a psychiatrist with a brilliant mind who, if he could only organize his thoughts on paper, would lead to great advances in the subject. For all the emotional attachment he engenders in others, he himself except for aspects of his relationship with Rosemary, which we know is new for himis not given to emotional excess. As a friend of his says, You are not a romantic philosopheryou?re a scientist. Memory, force, character (117). Dick?s role as a scientist is not, however, impersonal observation. He is a clinical psychiatrist and works to bring those who are mentally disturbed back to the normal social world. It is in this capacity that he first meets Nicole. She is a patient, and it is his charge to alleviate her hysteria. In this regard, he must curtail the excesses of impulse and emotion that preclude her functioning according to social convention. She is wild, and he must tame her, domesticate her, bring her into the company of civilized men and women. Aside from this professional concern with bringing the mad into civilization, Dick is also very invested in his particular conception of civilization. We read, for instance, of Dick?s early illusions of the essential goodness of peop le; illusions of a nation, the lies of generations of frontier mothers who had to croon falsely, that there were no wolves outside the cabin door (117). Further on, as Dick becomes more reflective, he begins to question dying for one?s beliefs and of the social imperatives to be goodS.brave and wise (133). What prompts this questioning is the war, which shook Dick deeply. We see this most clearly in 1.xiii where he and his entourage visit an old battleground. There, Dick becomes melancholy and his throat strains with sadness (57). He also proclaims dolefully that all of my beautiful lovely safe world blew itself up here with a great gust of high explosive love (57). In this odd statement, Dick takes ownership of this world and feels a great personal loss at what has happened even though he did not directly participate. The importance of the war to Dick is further shown by the scene in which he helps the red-haired Tennessee girl looking for the grave of her brother. In these ways, t hen, Dick is portrayed as the protector of civilization, mourning the disillusioning effects of the war while working to repair civilization by treating the psyche. We are told a little over half way through the novel that Ssomehow Dick and Nicole had become one and equal, not opposite and complementary; she was Dick too in the marrow of his bones (190). Given the novel?s outcome, there is an air of paradox to this statement. Clearly Nicole and Dick end the novel in very different conditions. How can this be if they are one and the same? Doesn?t this indicate an oppositeness or complementariness rather than a unity of identity? I think that this air can be dissipated by understanding the trajectory of Nicole and Dick?s relationship, using the identifications elucidated above, as an increasing move toward natural instinct and impulse, the effect of which is positive for Nicole and detrimental for Dick, as the only way he can handle such feelings is through alcohol. The first decisive move in this direction is Dick?s relationship with Rosemary. We are told again and again that Dick had never done anything like this before, that the emotional whirlwind in which he is caught up is entirely new. This comes out most clearly at the end of 1.xx in which Dick impulsively goes to visit Rosemary at her movie set: He knew that what he was now doing marked a turning point in his lifeit was out of line with everything that preceded it (91). And further on, Dick?s necessity of behaving as he did was a projection of some submerged reality.SDick was paying some tribute to things unforgotten, unshriven, unexpurgated (91). I interpret this submerged reality as the presence of natural impulse and instinct which he has hitherto repressed, the aspect of himself which it is the psychiatrist?s job to subdue in the process of bringing someone into civilization. But, as they are aspects of him as well as of every person, they are unforgotten and unexpurgated. (The inclusion of unshrive n is interesting; as he cannot remove these aspects of himself, neither can he seek pardon for their presence. The feeling that he should need such pardonthe idea that such instincts are wrongstands in stark contrast to Nicole?s unabashed expression of impulse later in the novel). This episode and others like it mark a breakdown in Dick?s civilized worldview. It is this breakdown that allows Nicole to begin finally to express her own nature, first by relapses into her hysteria and then by a more consistent and holistic embrace of instinct and impulse in her relations with Tommy. The final stages of Nicole and Dick?s break brings this out clearly. Near the end of the novel, Nicole comes to the realization that she had somehow given over the thinking to him, Dick,S.She knew that for her the greatest sin now and in the future was to delude herselfS.Either you thinkor else others have to think for you and take power from you, pervert and discipline your natural tastes, civilize, and ste rilize you (290). Nicole, then, awakens to her natural self, recapturing sovereignty over her own person and refusing to allow Dick to fit her into his mold as to what she should be; Dick would no longer be the father with the authority of reason. As Fitzgerald says in narrating the decisive moment of their rupture, She achieved her victory and justified herself to herself without lie or subterfuge, cut the cord forever (302). It is crucial to note that Dick comes to the same point, but as his natural instincts and impulses were for him a submerged reality, he could not accept healthily this change like Nicole, for whom instinct and impulse were always much closer to the surface. The only way for Dick to handle this unearthed reality within was to turn to the bottle. There is, of course, a natural comparison to made between Dick and Tommy here. It is noteworthy that Fitzgerald explicitly tells us that Tommy Barban was a ruler, Tommy was a heroS.As a rule, he drank little; courage wa s his game and his companions were always afraid of him (196). Tommy does not have to drink to deal with his passions; he is a man of passion already and, as such, is more similar to Nicole than Dick. In this way, also, the love between Tommy and Nicole could have the reciprocity which Dick and Nicole?s hierarchical, paternal, doctor/patient relationship could never have. Tommy could love back where for Dick, so easy to be lovedso hard to love (245). At the novel?s end, then, the naturalness of Nicole and Tommy has triumphed over the civilization of Dick. I should say, though, that I do not take this outcome to be an endorsement on the part of Fitzgerald of this impulsive naturalness. Rather, I read the novel as an exploration of disillusionment with the idealism of prewar America. I think Fitzgerald suggests as much when he posits the postwar years as the natural environment in which a story such as Dick?s emerges: His love for Nicole and Rosemary, his friendship with Abe North and Tommy Barban in the broken universe of the war?s endingSthere seemed some necessity of taking all or nothing; it was as if for the remainder of his life he was condemned to carry with him the egos of certain people, early met and early loved, and to be only as complete as they were themselves (245). This plight, this condemnation, was not Dick?s alone; it was that of an American civilization thrust into a new world in which it, like all others, must now deal with the sins of past and present in its struggle for survival. 12 angry men Essay