JOINT EFFECTS OF COMPLIANCE AND EFFICACY OF SOLAR...

JOINT EFFECTS OF COMPLIANCE AND EFFICACY OF SOLAR DISINFECTION OF DRINKING WATER ON CHILDHOOD DIARRHOEA: (A case study of Manyatta and Nyalenda peri urban areas of Kisumu East.) CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Zepha (2008), states that, â€Å"Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS) is a simple, cheap and environmentally friendly method for treating microbiologically contaminated drinking water at household level.†(as cited in Moses ,Zephaniah Jacques,2008, p.3). According to EAWAG (2008), SODIS utilizes solar radiation to inactivate pathogenic microbes majorly known to cause water borne diseases and thereby improving water quality. The pathogens are vulnerable to a synergistic effect of UV-A light (wavelength 320-400nm) and increased water temperature†¦show more content†¦SODIS is one of the methods recommended and indeed has an attributable fraction of 16% to diarrhoea and adjusted odds ratio of 0.65 at 95% C.I thus a protective factor (Conroy, et al., 1999). The PETS used are transformed into photoproducts by sunlight. However, laboratory tests have proven that these photoproducts are generated at the outer surface of the bottles and No indication for migration of possible phot oproducts or additives from PET bottles into water was observed with the applied analytical methods (Suter et al.2001). Kohler et al. (2008) confirms that the use of PETS and SODIS procedure is safe as far as human exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is concerned. A study conducted in Bolivia by Moser H and Mosler HJ (2008) indicated that the adoption of SODIS was dependent on increased participation of opinion leaders and community on drinking water themes. Further, a study by Landolt et al. (2009) showed that the acceptance and sustained use of SODIS was greatly determined by the availability of PET bottles locally, repeated training and promotion programmes, user educational level, motivation and commitment of promoters, social pressure, and institutional aspects. Tamas et al. (2011) indicated that decrease in health promotion consequently made users to terminate